Understanding DEXA Scans: The Gold Standard for Detecting Osteoporosis

What Is a DEXA Scan?

DEXA stands for Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. It’s a quick, painless, and non-invasive imaging test that measures your bone mineral density (BMD).

You might hear it referred to as a bone density scan, it’s considered the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and osteopenia (the stage before osteoporosis).

How a DEXA Scan Works

A DEXA scan uses two low-dose X-ray beams that pass through your bones at different energy levels. These beams measure how much radiation is absorbed by your bones, which helps calculate bone density.

The test typically focuses on areas most at risk for fractures:

• Spine

• Hips

• Wrists

The entire procedure takes about 10–20 minutes, and you don’t need any special preparation. You simply lie still while the scanner passes over your body.

Understanding Your DEXA Scan Results

Your results are expressed as T-scores, which compare your bone density to that of a healthy young adult of the same sex.

T-Score Range Bone Health Category

+1.0 to –1.0 Normal bone density

–1.1 to –2.4 Osteopenia (low bone mass)

–2.5 or lower. Osteoporosis

A lower T-score means weaker bones and a higher risk of fractures. Your healthcare provider will discuss your results and recommend treatment or lifestyle changes if needed.

Who Should Get a DEXA Scan?

DEXA scans are recommended for:

• Women aged 65 and older

• Men aged 70 and older

• Postmenopausal women

• Adults with a history of fractures after minor injuries

• Those taking long-term corticosteroids or certain medications that affect bone health

• People with family history of osteoporosis or conditions affecting bone metabolism

If you’re unsure whether you need a DEXA scan, your doctor can help assess your risk factors.

Why DEXA Scans Matter

A DEXA scan isn’t just about diagnosis — it’s a powerful tool for prevention and monitoring.

Here’s why it matters:

• Early detection: Identifies bone loss before a fracture occurs.

• Progress tracking: Monitors changes in bone density over time.

• Treatment planning: Helps doctors tailor medications, supplements, and lifestyle advice to your needs.

• Peace of mind: Knowing your bone health can help you take proactive steps to protect it.

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